![](/sites/default/files/styles/max_800w/public/tutorial_icons/reactanddrupal_0.png?itok=eJ-Kkd9c)
Media Source plugins in Drupal have a powerful feature, called field mapping, that allows an administrator to configure a Media entity type to automatically populate the value of custom fields based on metadata retrieved from the source content. For example, you can add a creator field to the Remote Video Media type, which can use YouTube as a source. When a content author adds a new Remote Video entity they can provide a URL for the YouTube video. Then the source plugin can extract the creator's name from the YouTube API and use that data to populate a custom field. This saves the content author from having to do that work themselves.
In this tutorial we'll learn:
- How to discover what source metadata is available
- How to configure a Drupal Media type to automatically populate custom fields
By the end of this tutorial you should be able to add a custom field to a Media type on your Drupal site and automatically populate it with data retrieved from the source content.
One of the most powerful features of Drupal's Media Library is that it enables content authors to re-use media entities. Have a favorite image that you like to use with all blog posts about a specific topic? Or a default icon you want to use for a tutorial unless an alternative is provided? The Media Library can accommodate this without requiring you to keep a copy of the image locally and then attach it to every node where it's needed.
This can lead to a potential issue when an editor deletes an image, thinking they've also deleted all the content that used it. If they missed a post referencing the now deleted image, what happens when there is no image to show?
The contributed Entity Usage module provides a mechanism for tracking relationships between entities. This is essential functionality when working with a library of reusable media entities because it helps ensure that media entities attached to content are not deleted.
In this tutorial we'll:
- Discuss the use case for the Entity Usage module
- Learn how to configure Entity Usage to keep track of relationships between media entities and nodes that reference them
- Prevent media items from being deleted if they are in use somewhere on the site
By the end of this tutorial you should be able to explain what the Entity Usage module does, and how to use it to solve common problems related to deleting items from a large Media library.
A commonly asked question is, "How do you add images to the body of a content item in Drupal?" You can allow users to embed images, videos, or any other media into a field configured with a WYSIWYG editor, such as CKEditor. In this tutorial, we’ll show you how to enable Drupal’s Insert Media button for CKEditor, and configure the corresponding text format so that it can render embedded Media entities.
Content authors can then use the Media Library to select images (or other media) to embed into the page.
In this tutorial we'll:
- Learn how to enable the Insert Media button for CKEditor
- Demonstrate how to insert media into the body of a content item (or any other field configured to use CKEditor)
By the end of this tutorial you should know how to configure Drupal to allow content authors to embed images in content items.
Drupal's media management tools, the Media and Media Library modules, provide content authors with drag-and-drop media and asset handling, full WYSIWYG editor integration, and a library of reusable media assets. There's minimal configuration required to get started, but full control via Drupal's standard Entity and Field systems for those who need it.
In this tutorial we'll:
- Provide an introduction to the media system in Drupal and its use-cases
- Explain the Drupal core features that the Media system is built on
- Link to other tutorials that will go into much more depth on these topics
By the end of this tutorial you should know what role the Media and Media Library core modules fill and know whether or not you'll want to make use of them on your project.
Media entities are standard Drupal fieldable content entities. For the most part, they function, and are managed, in the same way as Nodes. So if you've previously created content in Drupal, much of working with Media entities should be familiar -- with some notable exceptions related to the connections between Media types and the media resources they represent.
In this tutorial we'll:
- Get an overview of Media entities, Media types, and Media fields in Drupal
- Point to other tutorials that go into more depth on individual topics
- Learn some basic terminology and concepts related to the Media system in Drupal
By the end of this tutorial you'll have an overview of the pieces that make up the Media system in Drupal core.
Core Themes: Bartik
FreeBartik is a core theme in Drupal. As a default theme for Drupal, it serves as an instructive example of a well-developed responsive theme. In this tutorial, we'll tour and explore Bartik, identify its primary features, and explain the use case for the Bartik theme and what you can learn from it.
Core Themes: Stark
FreeStark is one of the themes bundled with Drupal. It is intentionally bare bones and its purpose is to help Drupal theme and module developers get to the heart of Drupal's system templates. In this tutorial, we'll explore Stark and its primary features and discuss the various reasons for utilizing the Stark theme.
As we learned in the What Is a Breakpoints YAML file? tutorial, modules and themes can expose their site's CSS breakpoints and media queries to other Drupal modules and themes by implementing a breakpoints YAML file. In that tutorial, you also learned about the structure of a breakpoints configuration file and why you'd want to create one. In this tutorial, we’ll walk through the process of creating an example breakpoints file step-by-step.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to create a working breakpoints YAML file in a theme or module. We'll test it out by enabling Drupal's Responsive Image module, where we'll be able to see it listed in the configuration form for creating a new responsive image style.
In Drupal's Appearance UI, all themes get a theme settings form. As a theme developer, you can customize the theme settings form, enabling site administrators to have more control over the appearance of the theme.
In this tutorial, we'll show you how to add admin-configurable settings to your theme. In the process of doing this, we'll use a variety of theme and module development skills and assume you have some familiarity with using Drupal's Form API, Configuration API, and theme system (see Prerequisites).
By the end of this tutorial, you will be able to provide custom theme settings that an administrator can use to modify the appearance of the theme.
The Responsive Image module provides a process for transforming images uploaded through image fields into responsive images. This is accomplished through the configuration of responsive image styles. The configuration form for adding and editing responsive image styles is quite extensive. In this tutorial, we'll go through this form and learn what each option entails. By the end of this lesson, you should have a good understanding of the various options in the responsive image style configuration form.
You might already be familiar with image styles in Drupal. Image styles are a popular and commonly used feature of Drupal because they enable your site's content creators to upload an image once, but have it displayed at various sizes and resolutions depending on its context. Image styles are configured and then applied to an image field's display settings, whether using view modes, Views field settings, or other contexts. Responsive image style field formatters are applied in the same exact way, but the process of creating responsive image styles is a bit different.
Using responsive image styles as image field formatters enables your Drupal site to produce specific HTML markup for images so that either:
- The browser can choose an appropriately sized image source, given the size of the user device's viewport size
- You can dictate to the browser which image sources to use at different breakpoints.
In the first case, the resulting markup uses the srcset
and sizes
attribute in an <img>
element. In the second case, <picture>
and <source>
elements are generated in conjunction with the <img>
tag.
It is also possible to create a responsive image style that just provides alternate images depending on the display-density (i.e. 1.5x or 2x) of the user device.
In this tutorial, we'll look at three use cases for responsive images, how those use cases are handled in HTML, and how they can be handled using Drupal's Responsive Image module. By the end of this tutorial, you should be ready to create a responsive image style appropriate for your Drupal site.
In this tutorial, we're going to add a responsive image style to an image field on the Article content type. This will add the srcset
and sizes
attributes to the output <img>
element, providing media conditions, width descriptors, and a set of image sources for the browser to choose from, depending on the user device's viewport size.
This solution, especially when used in conjunction with CSS, will provide flexible, fluid, and faster-loading images for your site, and will work for probably 80% of use cases. It does not provide "art direction", that is, making cropping, aspect ratio, or orientation changes to an image. This solution also provides for different display-densities, like 1.5x and 2x image sources without the need for display-density descriptors.
Another benefit of this solution is that it uses the Responsive Image module's breakpoint configuration file, so there is no need for you to create a breakpoint file in your theme to implement this flavor of responsive image style.
If you want to create a link to an internal page in a Twig template--and there's not already a variable in the template that contains the URL you want to link to--you'll need to determine the route of the thing you want to link to and then use the Twig url()
or path()
functions to generate appropriate URLs. In most cases when you want to create a link to an entity that is being output by the current template there's an existing helper variable to use. For example, in a node.html.twig template file there's a url
variable that points to the current node. For other scenarios, like hard-coding a link to the /about page, you'll need to do a little more work.
In this tutorial, we'll:
- Get the absolute URL value
- Get the relative path value
- Generate HTML for a link
- Get the URI to a file, like an image in the Media library
- Get the active theme path
By the end of this tutorial you should be able to create links to any internal page via Twig.
Do you cringe at the sight of untidy whitespace or (gasp) no whitespace at all when you View Source? Learn how to tame whitespace in Twig template files in this tutorial. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to recognize how Twig controls whitespace and how you can do the same in your Drupal template files.
Want to know if the person that's viewing your custom block is authenticated? Need to change the elements visible on the page based on a user's permissions or roles? Want to display a welcome message for users returning to your site?
All of these things require knowing who the user is that's currently accessing a page. This can be accomplished by using the current_user
service to load an object that contains information about the current user as well as methods for checking permissions, and retrieving additional information.
In this tutorial we'll:
- Define what "current user" means
- Use the
current_user
service to retrieve an implementation of\Drupal\Core\Session\AccountInterface
- Retrieve information about, and check the permissions of, the current user
By the end of this tutorial you should be able to retrieve and make use of information about the applications current user in order to perform logic in your code that customizes the response for different users.
React is a JavaScript library that makes it easy to create interactive user interfaces. Drupal is a content management system with a powerful web services API. React and Drupal can work together in a couple of different ways. This series of tutorials explores some of those options, and the related concepts and terminology.
Our goal is to provide you with some baseline information you can use to get started integrating React and Drupal together. After you've completed these tutorials you should be able to better envision how to use these two technologies to solve some of your own issues. We hope you'll come away from this with enough knowledge to start exploring further on your own. We link to external resources liberally, and encourage you to explore beyond the examples we provide, read the linked resource, and dig in. There's no substitute for exploration and experimenting with real code when it comes to learning these things.
In this series we'll:
- Introduce the technical side of React, terminology, and information about where to find more resources
- Learn about using Drupal, and the JSON:API module, to turn Drupal into a powerful web services API provider
- Learn about the use cases for adding React to a Drupal site
- Walk through increasingly complex code examples that start with a "Hello World!" application, and end with a fully decoupled application that can list, create, update, and delete content in Drupal
- Learn about how to authenticate a Drupal user via an API using React
- Contrast, through example code and use cases, the differences between integrating React into an existing Drupal theme or module and creating a stand-alone React application
- And more!
Before we start writing any React code, let's go over some basic concepts and terminology. Throughout this series we'll assume you're familiar with these things. They'll come up again and again as you work on projects that involve React, so it's worth taking the time to learn them.
In this tutorial we'll cover the following at a high level, and provide links to resources:
- Why choose React?
- What are React components?
- What are hooks, state, and JSX?
- The role of build tools when developing React applications
By the end of this tutorial you should have a firm grasp of the fundamental concepts and terminology necessary to start creating React applications.
React and Drupal can be used together in two different ways: fully decoupled, also known as headless; or progressively decoupled.
In this tutorial we'll talk about the differences between these two approaches, including:
- Defining what each method refers to
- Considerations regarding hosting, performance, and access
Then we'll link to lots of additional reading materials so you can gain a deeper understanding of the subject.
By the end of this tutorial you should be able to define what decoupled and progressively decoupled mean, and how they differ from one another.
Writing a React application requires including the React JavaScript library in the page, writing some React-specific JavaScript, and then binding it to a specific DOM element on the page. You may also want to include existing packages from the npm ecosystem, and use modern JavaScript (ES6+) features, which necessitates setting up a build toolchain for your JavaScript using a tool like Webpack or Parcel.
There are a lot of different ways you could go about setting this all up. Do you add React via a theme or a module? Do you need a build tool? Should you use Webpack, or Babel, or Parcel, or something else? While we can't possibly cover all the different approaches, we can help you figure out what is required and you can adapt our suggestions to meet your needs.
In this tutorial we'll:
- Create a new custom theme with the required build tools to develop React applications
- Add a DOM element for our React application to bind to
- Create a "Hello, World" React component to verify everything is working
By the end of this tutorial you'll know how to configure everything necessary to start writing React within a Drupal theme.
Components are the fundamental building blocks of any React application. React uses components to represent different elements in the UI. To show this, we'll build a React widget that can query the Drupal.org REST API to retrieve usage statistics for a project and then display them. We'll create buttons that allow us to toggle between two different projects. In doing so we'll learn about creating components and using props and state in React.
In this tutorial we'll:
- Define two new React components
- Learn about using props to pass data to a component
- Learn about using state, and the
useState()
hook, to create interactivity
By the end of this tutorial you should have a basic understanding of how to write a React component that uses props and state to display data from a third party API.