Besides working with sections, zones, regions, and responzive settings, Omega provides lots of other features that make using it a good choice for your theme. Omega also offers:
- Ability to enable/disable script libraries
- Ability to enable/disable theme style sheets
- Ability to enable/disable core/contrib stylesheets
- Typical theme settings
Getting to know these settings certianly helps set the look and fell as well as the capabilties of your theme. With the ability to do things like adding the Equal heights library and enabling it across your zones is just a handy feature and it's free with Omega.
In this lesson we're going to get started with Omega by getting the base theme and creating our new sub-theme. We're going to be doing the following tasks:
- Enable Omega and Omega Tools
- Use Omega Tools to create our sub-theme
- Enable the new theme
- Review the files of the new theme
Omega offers a simple, yet nice set, of debugging tools that assist you when it comes to laying your site out in a 960 grid. Grid layous consist of columns that your content can span accross and part of these debuggung tools is the ability to turn on and off a visual indication of the particular column layout you are using. Omega also gives you the ability to toggle on and off a visual indication of all the regions availabile in your theme. Inside the theme settings you also have the ability to turn these features on or off all together or by role. So in this lesson we will cover:
- Omega debugging tools
- Grid and region visual indicators
- Omega debugging settings
We will also show you how these tools can cause some frustration when it comes to testing the layout of your site espcially in areas that don't have content yet available.
Before we can really dive in to learning Omega we need to do a couple of basic setup tasks. Mostly, we need a Drupal 7 site that has some content for us to look at while we are theming. In this lesson we're going to:
- Generate some content with devel generate module
- Install the 960 Robots theme from drupal.org
- Place some blocks in to the regions provided by the 960 Robots theme and talk a bit about what it gives us so that we can begin to understand how we might convert it to an Omega sub-theme
Under the Downloads tab, there is a copy of the final database and the files directory for this Demo site.
Additional resources
In this lesson we're going to take a look at the Omega theme, cover some basic terminology around it, and discuss the advantages and challenges of using it. Specifically this lesson will cover:
- Omega features
- Helper modules
- Where to find documentation
- Omega terminology
Additional resources
- Omega theme
- Omega Tools module
- Delta module
- Omega Handbook
In this series, Getting Started with Responsive Web Design in Drupal, we'll take an old Drupal theme based on a 960 pixel grid, and convert it, step by step, using just good ole CSS and HTML, to be more fluid, more flexible, more responsive than ever.
Our case study is the Anytown Farmers Markets. Anytown Farmers Markets has an existing web site that uses a theme based on a 960 pixel grid. It works great on larger screens, pretty well on iPads, but on an iPhone, the text is really small and you have to pinch and zoom and horizontally scroll to get around the screen.
Our goal will be to transition the site from a fixed width two column desktop site to a fluid and flexible site whose layout, images, and type gracefully transform at practically any size screen to provide a user-friendly experience where our site's content can be enjoyed by users browsing with a more diverse set of devices.
Throughout this series, you'll learn how to use, configure, and customize the style of a Drupal contributed module that provides a responsive, mobile-friendly main menu. We'll tackle images, tables, and slideshows and explore some select solutions for making these traditionally rigid elements flex with a fluid container. In the process of converting this theme to be responsive, you'll learn to tackle some real-world, sometimes messy and often times not-so-clear-cut problems and potential solutions.
To take advantage of this series, you'll want to be comfortable with HTML and CSS and the basics of setting up a theme in Drupal 7. You don't need to know Sass or any advanced theming. This series will help you understand common problems encountered in responsive web design and how to solve them in the context of a Drupal 7 theme.
Additional resources
In the process of transitioning their site to be more mobile friendly, The Anytown Farmers Market web team needs to take a closer look at what content they currently have on their site and how they may want to prioritize and deliver that content differently, given the broader audience base they are now targeting.
As we adapt content and navigation regions to stack, we need to decide on a priority system for each page template. We'll take the home page as an example and discuss how each component and region should be prioritized when the content is stacked into one column.
Additional resources
The original 960 Robots theme is based on a 960 pixel grid. It has container and grid classes with widths declared in pixels—an absolute metric. In this lesson, we will take a first step in implementing a responsive design: converting absolute units to relative ones. We'll begin this process by editing the 960.css file, which contains the width declarations for our container and grid classes that make up our site's layout. Using the target ÷ context = result formula, we'll convert widths declared in pixels first to ems, then to percentages, with a little nudge of the decimal point over two places.
With our layout's container and grid classes using relative widths declared in percentages, we'll be on well on our way to making our site more fluid and flexible.
Additional resources
https://github.com/DrupalizeMe/demo-rwd-7x (Checkout branch 03-fluid-layout)
We're making progress in making our theme more flexible and fluid. Next, we’ll address our site's typography and implement relative font-sizing. This will help ensure that our text is more legible without the need to pinch and zoom. To do this, we’ll convert our font-sizes declared in pixels to ems, using the target ÷ context = result formula. Break out those calculators!
Additional resources
https://github.com/DrupalizeMe/demo-rwd-7x (Checkout branch 04-responsive-typography)
As we've been converting our font-sizes to ems, we've noticed other properties that need updating, including margin and padding. In order to correctly apply our target ÷ context = result formula, we need to know the appropriate value for "context." Converting padding presents us with a new context, different than that of a margin. In this lesson, we'll learn how to determine the appropriate context and convert padding and margin pixels to relative units.
Additional resources
https://github.com/DrupalizeMe/demo-rwd-7x (Checkout branch 05-responsive-padding-margins)
So far, we've adapted our layout to be flexible and fluid using relative units like percentages and ems, instead of absolute ones, like pixels. The problem is that smaller devices will often use resolutions much greater than the actual size of the screen size or viewport. So while our relative sizing is technically working, it's not going to be terribly useful or make our content more readable and accessible until we add an important tag to the head of our html template file: the viewport meta tag.
By adding the viewport meta tag to the head of our html template file, we're letting the browser know that we want the viewport size to be the size of the device, not some huge resolution more suitable for a 17" monitor, for example. This is a small but critical step in implementing a responsive design. Without it, our hard work of converting to relative units just isn't going to pay off.
In this lesson, you'll learn how to add a viewport meta tag to the head of all html pages using a special Drupal template file that we'll create. Then we'll step back and admire the results using our mobile emulation tools.
Additional resources
https://github.com/DrupalizeMe/demo-rwd-7x (Checkout branch 06-viewport-meta)
Written tutorial based on this video
While it's not forbidden to use absolute positioning in responsive designs, the way that absolute positioning was utilized in the original theme is less than ideal as we work on moving theme toward flexibility, fluidity, and responsiveness.
In this lesson, we'll focus on putting elements in the header back into the natural flow of the document. We'll refactor some HTML and CSS, removing absolute positioning declarations and change the source order of some elements in our page template file.
Restoring the natural order and flow of the document will make things easier for us down the road as we adapt our components to stack into one-column in small screens.
Additional resources
https://github.com/DrupalizeMe/demo-rwd-7x (checkout branch 07-08-flow-media-queries)
In this series, we’ll start out by adapting the Anytown Farmers Market website layout for display on a small mobile screen. The current layout is a stacked 2-column layout with a full-width header, primary content column, and two sidebars. We'll simplify and update the wide layout to use just one main content column plus a right sidebar that will stack under the content region on smaller viewports. We'll use the breakpoints that we identified in the previous lesson to implement width-based media queries and trigger the appropriate layout — stacked for narrow screens and 2-column for wider viewports.
Additional resources
https://github.com/DrupalizeMe/demo-rwd-7x (checkout branch 07-08-flow-media-queries)
Responsive Menus module enables a site builder to install and configure a responsive menu with very little CSS required. We'll walk through the configuration of the module using the media query we built in the previous lesson. We'll also add some CSS to hide our desktop navigation when the mobile menu is shown.
Additional resources
Responsive Menus module (Drupal.org)
https://github.com/DrupalizeMe/demo-rwd-7x (checkout branch 09-responsive-menu-contrib-module)
There are quite a few images on the site that aren’t scaling very well. They’re either way too small or way too big and break the layout. For now, we just want ensure that our images don’t overflow beyond the layout container and that they are viewable at a comfortable size across all viewport sizes. While we're at it, we can make sure all HTML media objects stay safely contained in a flexible container, especially when sizing down.
Additional resources
https://github.com/DrupalizeMe/demo-rwd-7x (checkout branch 10-max-width)
Our image gallery plugin has long been known to be barely navigable on a small screen. Let’s fix our images and replace our photo gallery plugin with a responsive image slider that will work on small to large screens. We'll swap out Views Slideshow in favor of FlexSlider in this lesson.
Additional resources
https://github.com/DrupalizeMe/demo-rwd-7x (checkout branch 11-flexslider)
In this tutorial we'll begin building our simple Javascript blog application. Starting with Bootstrap templates, we'll use a Javascript implementation of the Twig template language to make our blog dynamic. In the course of doing so, we'll learn about Cross Origin Resource Sharing (or CORS). We will also begin to identify some common implementation patterns in our Javascript, and start to refactor our code to improve its organization.
Self-check challenge: Create another sidebar block in our blog that pulls data from Open Weather Map to display the current temperature in your city.
Additional resources
Building a traditionally "coupled" Drupal site provides us with a lot of functionality we've so far taken for granted when building our simple blog.
This lesson attempts to remedy some of that by: building a functional pager and a post archive.
We'll also make our blog into an actual Single Page Application (or SPA) by using the client-side router provided by Backbone.js
Self-check challenge: Add a form with select list elements that filter posts (instead of relying on the sidebar links).
Additional resources
One of the historic complaints—and drawbacks—of client-side Javascript applications is that they aren't SEO-friendly. While Google's crawler, in particular, is starting to execute Javascript on pages it indexes, in this tutorial, we'll take a look at a couple other of methods of mitigating this issue.
In particular we'll learn about:
- Prerender.io
- What is Isomorphic Javascript?
- Writing a server with Express.js
Self-check question: In addition to SEO, what are some other benefits of isomorphic javascript?
Additional resources
Prerender.io
Express.js
What is an isomorphic application? — by Juampy NR on Lullabot.com
In this tutorial, I will explain what a base, or parent, theme is in Drupal and why it can be advantageous to use it in theming. We'll take a look at what is commonly provided by a base theme, including discussing what a "starter kit" is and how it is intended to be used.