Code generators are great productivity boosters that allow generating scaffolds for common development tasks in Drupal. One of the most common use cases for generators is scaffolding the code required for a custom entity type. Custom entities require many files and complicated annotations in order to function properly. There is a lot of boilerplate code that is more-or-less the same for every entity type. Creating all the files is repetitive, time-consuming, and prone to human error. Generators can help automate this task and make creating your own custom entity types quicker.

In this tutorial we'll:

• Learn how to generate the code for a custom entity with Drush
• Learn about the options that generators provide for custom entities

By the end of this tutorial you should know how to generate custom entities with Drush.

Some Drush commands return a lot of information -- lists of modules, generators, and status reports, for example. It might be hard to find a property you need in the small command window output. Luckily, the output of Drush commands can be piped to other commands, used as a source for imports, settings for CI, and other DevOps tasks.

In order to accommodate all these different use cases, Drush comes with a formatting system that allows you to format and filter output to meet your needs. This system allows to you specify what fields you want returned when the output contains more than one field. It also allows Drush command output to be formatted as JSON, XML, raw PHP, a table, and more.

In this tutorial we'll:

• Learn how to specify the output format -- and what formats are available
• Limit the fields that are returned in a report
• Learn to filter the output to only the data we're interested in

By the end of this tutorial you'll know how to format a Drush command's output to fit your needs.

If you want to change the way an existing Drush command works, you use hooks. Hooks are useful for altering command parameters, options, attributes data, and adding custom logic during particular stages of the command execution process. Drush hooks are conceptually similar to Drupal hooks.

Hooks are methods on a Drush command class with an attribute indicating what hook is being implemented, and thus when the code should be invoked. The code in the methods is executed during specific stages of the command cycle. Developers can use core hooks -- predefined methods that come with Drush core -- or declare a custom hook that other commands can use.

In this tutorial we'll:

• Explore the different core Drush hooks
• Learn which hooks are called at what stage of the command cycle
• View example hook attributes and method implementations

By the end of this tutorial you'll know what types of core hooks are available to you and when they are called.

Adding logging and error handling are an important part of authoring Drush commands. Logs allow developers to get timely feedback from a command and inform users about potential alterations and flags, events to monitor, and the progress of long-running commands. Correct error handling allows for clean exits, meaningful error descriptions, and provides a path forward for developers to fix the errors and accomplish their goals.

In this tutorial we'll:

• Explore the different types of logging messages Drush commands can output
• Learn how to handle errors from within a Drush command

By the end of this tutorial you'll know what types of log messages you can use; how to log success messages, errors, or debug statements from a custom Drush command; and how to handle errors and exceptions.

When the logic of a command depends on user input, it's useful to set up an interactive questionnaire inside the command code. This allows you to provide the user with more context about the input they're providing, and ensure that you collect all the necessary values. This is especially useful when the command uses a pre-defined list of options and the values require memorization. An example of this is the drush cache-clear command that comes with Drush core. It requires an argument indicating which cache to clear, which you can specify at the command line; however, if you invoke the command with no arguments it will present you with a list of cache bins to choose from and a UI for selecting one.

Drush 9+ can access the Input/Output (I/O) object via the $this->io() method. This object -- an instance of \Drush\Style\DrushStyle -- holds information about user-provided input, and utilities for manipulating that input. To ask a user a question, use an io() object in the command callback method. It can take over the execution flow of the command as needed to stop and gather additional input. The I/O system has various methods for asking confirmation or choice questions such as confirm() and select().

In addition to prompting for input, the I/O object can be used to provide other styling to the command, like progress bars.

In this tutorial we'll:

• Learn how to prompt the user for additional input
• Process the user's answer as part of the command execution flow

By the end of this tutorial you should understand how to prompt a user for additional input for a custom Drush command.

While Drush empowers all Drupal users with its commands, it's even more powerful when used in combination with scripting solutions such as Composer and Bash. Scripts can be used to power post-deployment tasks like importing new configuration or clearing the cache, as part of CI processes to sync a database from one environment to another, to run background processes on the server such as imports and migrations, search indexing, running cron, and much more. If you want to write Bash (or any other scripts) that interact with a Drupal site, then Drush is the tool for you.

In this tutorial we'll:

• Learn how to use Drush commands within Composer and Bash scripts
• Learn how to chain multiple Drush commands together in a script

By the end of this tutorial you'll know how to use Drush as part of a script that automates common or tedious tasks.

When you manage many Drupal websites, you may perform repetitive tasks that are common across all of your sites. In our experience, this usually relates to having a personal preference for how certain tasks are accomplished. For example, maybe you like to make backups of the database and files in a specific way before testing upgrades, or you have a set of scripts for running scans of core web vitals. Although these tasks can be bundled into a custom module, it could be useful to create a site-wide Drush command instead. Site-wide commands can be installed with Composer, managed in a separate Git repository, and act as a project dependency. This way they are easy to maintain through a separate upstream. Changes to this code will be reflected on all the sites where it's used.

In this tutorial we'll:

• Declare a custom site-wide Drush command
• Demonstrate how to use Composer to manage a package that contains a Drush command

By the end of this tutorial you'll be able to create a site-wide Drush command and manage the code with Git and Composer.

In this tutorial, you will learn how to get a Drupalize.Me tutorial demo site up and running using Pantheon. You'll learn about the various components that make up the Drupalize.Me demo site downloads and how each part should be imported. By the end of this lesson, you'll know how to create a Drupalize.Me demo site on a free Pantheon Dev instance so that you can follow along with the trainer in the Drupalize.Me video tutorial.

Additional resources

Pantheon

In this tutorial, you will learn how to use Acquia Dev Desktop 2 to get a Drupalize.Me tutorial demo site up and running. You will learn how to import a Drupal codebase and database containing a finished site for an individual tutorial on Drupalize.Me. This will enable you to walk through the lesson and see what was accomplished on the site during the lesson.

Additional resources

Acquia Dev Desktop 2

Drush is the command line shell and Unix scripting interface for Drupal. The most common way to install Drush is to install it on a per-project basis using Composer. We'll walk through the steps to do that, as well as how to set up the Drush Launcher tool (to make it possible to execute Drush commands without having to specify a full path to the executable).

In this tutorial we'll:

• Install Drush
• Verify it worked

By the end of this tutorial you'll have Drush installed.

Every Composer project is made up of a few standard files and directories. This tutorial provides an overview of the anatomy of a Composer project, and the essential files and directories used by Composer, including:

• What are composer.json and composer.lock files?
• What is in a composer.json file?
• What is the /vendor directory?

By the end of this tutorial you should be able to recognize the standard files and directories in a Composer project and know what they are each used for.

This tutorial demonstrates the value of using Composer. This demonstration will employ the most basic use case of using Composer to create a new, non-Drupal application that writes a message to the system log. It will encompass the fundamental concepts of Composer installation, requiring (installing) a new dependency, autoloading it, and implementing it.

In this tutorial we'll:

• Install Composer
• Use Composer to start a new project
• Use Composer to require a 3rd party dependency
• Use the required code in an example application

By the end of this tutorial you should be able to explain the value of Composer, and have Composer installed and working on your local machine.