CSS in Drupal
TopicCascading Style Sheets (CSS) files are added as an asset library through a theme’s libraries configuration file. HTML attributes, including classes and IDs, are commonly added in template files with Twig.
Drupal Console
TopicDrupal Console provides a command line utility for performing common site administration tasks, code generation scaffolding, and a Read-Evaluate-Print-Loop for interacting with your Drupal site.
Security
TopicKeeping a Drupal site secure requires monitoring security announcements, performing regular updates, and knowing how to properly use Drupal’s APIs to write secure code.
Twig is a template engine for PHP, which is the language used in Drupal. Twig can be used to design templates in generic PHP applications as well as Drupal themes.
Drupal Composer Project
TopicThe Drupal Composer Project provides a scaffold for starting a new Drupal project and managing that project's dependencies with Composer. It was created before the drupal/recommended-project Composer project template was developed, which is the current best practice method for creating a new Drupal site with Composer.
YAML
TopicYAML, which stands for YAML Ain't Markup Language, is a human-readable data serialization format that's been widely adopted in a variety of use cases in Drupal.
Performance and scalability determine how fast your application can serve a page and to how many users at a time.
Caching in Drupal
TopicCaching in Drupal is controlled by Drupal's Cache API which is used to store any type of data on a permanent or temporary basis. Some types of data tend to take a long time to compute, but utilizing the Cache API in your module can help your site load data more quickly.
Learn about resources to guide you through the process of updating a module or theme to the latest version of Drupal.
Themes provide the HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and other assets that are responsible for the look and feel of your site.
The Render API consists of a standard format for describing data using structured arrays and a process for converting those arrays into the HTML a user sees when interacting with a Drupal site.
Week 1: Setup
CourseWeek 2: Create a New Theme
CourseWeek 3: Add an Asset Library
CourseYAML, which stands for YAML Ain't Markup Language, is a human-readable data serialization format that's been widely adopted in a variety of use cases in Drupal. Anyone wanting to write modules, or themes, for Drupal will need to understand YAML syntax. Even site builders are likely to encounter YAML at least in passing as YAML is the data-serialization format of choice for Drupal's configuration management system. Good thing it's pretty easy to learn even with the most basic of programming backgrounds.
This tutorial will look at the YAML data format and provide examples of how to write and read YAML. Starting with an introduction to the language's syntax and some of the strengths of YAML. Then looking at the difference between scalar data types like strings and integers, and collection data types like lists and associative arrays.
Since YAML in the Drupal world is read into PHP and ultimately becomes a PHP data structure that we can use in our own code we'll also look at how the YAML we write in a .yml file is represented in PHP data types. To do this we'll use the YAML Sandbox module that provides a handy textarea into which we can type YAML and have it parsed into PHP data structures.
Learning objectives
- Explain what YAML is and its strengths as a data serialization format
- Create scalar key/value pairs in YAML
- Create lists, and associative arrays using YAML collections
- Understand how the YAML you write is represented in PHP
Tips
- In Drupal, use the .yml extension and not .yaml
- Ensure your code editing application is configured to use spaces (preferably 2 spaces, as per Drupal coding standards), not the tab character when the TAB key is pressed. If you have tab characters in a YAML file within a Drupal environment, a fatal PHP error will be thrown and you'll see a White Screen of Death (WSOD).
- Copy and paste from an existing YAML file to ensure the formatting is correct, and edit from there.
Additional resources
- http://www.yaml.org
- YAML Sandbox module
- Find other tutorials and external resources related to YAML on our YAML topic page (Drupalize.Me)
In this PHP tutorial, you'll get the project files up and running and learn all about class constants in object-oriented PHP.
If you're serious about getting really good at this stuff, code along with me. To do that, download the source code from this page, unzip it, and move into the start directory. When you do that, you'll have the same code that I have here. Open up the README file and follow the instructions inside to get things setup.
When that's done, open your favorite terminal application, move into the directory, and — like we've done in the previous courses — start the built-in php web server by running:
php -S localhost:8000
This is a great server to use for development. Then, in our browser, we can go to http://localhost:8000. Here is our beautiful Battles app!
Additional resources
Introduction to Object-Oriented PHP (Drupalize.Me)
Object-Oriented PHP Part 2 (Drupalize.Me)
Object-Oriented PHP Part 3 (Drupalize.Me)
In this PHP tutorial, you'll be introduced to static methods, the self
keyword and how they are used.
Additional resources
Object-Oriented PHP (topic) (Drupalize.Me)